Dachigam National Park

Dachigam National Park is one of the most beautiful and ecologically significant protected areas in northernmost India, within the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, in the Zabarwan Range of the Himalayas near Srinagar. Established in 1910, Dachigam—meaning "ten villages" in Kashmiri—was named in honor of the ten villages that were relocated to create the park. It was initially a game reserve for the Maharaja of Kashmir to secure clean drinking water for Srinagar. In 1981, it was declared a national park, mainly for the conservation of its unique flora and fauna, including the endangered Hangul (Kashmiri Stag).

Dachigam National Park Important Features

1. Geography and Landscape

Dachigam National Park covers 141 square kilometers and is divided into two distinct zones:

• Lower Dachigam – Located at an altitude of 1,700 to 2,500 meters, this area features sloping meadows, riverine forests, and grasslands. It is more accessible to tourists.
• Upper Dachigam – At altitudes reaching 4,300 meters, this zone consists of steep cliffs, rocky terrain, alpine meadows, and glaciers. It is less visited and houses richer wildlife.

The park is fed by the Dagwan River, which flows through its valleys. The varied altitudes create different ecological zones, making it a unique spot for observing multiple ecosystems.

2. Flora

Dachigam is known for its rich biodiversity, including broad-leaved deciduous and coniferous forests, and alpine pastures. Lower Dachigam is lush with oak, willow, poplar, and birch, while Upper Dachigam is home to blue pine, fir, and juniper. During spring and summer, the park comes alive with primulas, anemones, and gentians.

3. Fauna

The most famous inhabitant is the Hangul (Kashmiri Stag), the last remaining species of red deer in India. Other wildlife includes:

• Carnivores – Leopards, Himalayan black bears, snow leopards, jackals, red foxes, and the rare leopard cat.
• Herbivores – Musk deer, serow, marmots, and Himalayan langurs.
• Birds – Over 150 species of birds, including the Himalayan monal, koklass pheasant, and Western tragopan.

4. Conservation Efforts

Dachigam is vital for the conservation of the Hangul, whose population has drastically declined due to poaching and habitat loss. Conservation efforts include controlling poaching, restoring habitats, and working with local communities. The park faces challenges from human settlements, especially in Lower Dachigam.

5. Adventure and Eco-Tourism

Dachigam offers opportunities for eco-tourism, wildlife photography, and trekking. The Marsar Lake trek through Upper Dachigam is a popular route. Due to the fragile ecosystem, tourism is limited and regulated.

6. Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit is from April to October when the weather is pleasant, and flora is in bloom. Winter visits from November to March offer snowy landscapes and the chance to spot snow leopards.

7. Access and Location

Dachigam National Park is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar, making it easily accessible by road. Entry permits are required, and guided tours are encouraged to minimize impact on the park's wildlife.

Conclusion

Dachigam National Park is a sanctuary for endangered species, including the Hangul, and a breathtaking destination for nature lovers and adventurers. Its diverse landscapes and rich biodiversity make it a treasure of the Himalayas and a testament to the natural beauty of Kashmir.